Microwave synthesis of Bessel, Bessel–Gauss, and Gaussian beams: a fully vectorial electromagnetic approach

Abstract Bessel, Bessel-Gauss, and Gaussian beams have widely been investigated in optics the paraxial approximation, under frame of a scalar wave theory. Such approximations can hardly be applied microwave/millimeter-wave range, where vectorial nature electromagnetic fields cannot neglected, experimental realizations for some these appeared only recently. In this work, we discuss generation through fully approach. The field derivation all is first illustrated numerical evaluations are then reported to compare their different propagation diffractive behaviors. Finally, an innovative approach realizing such solutions with planar microwave devices exploiting leaky waves demonstrated accurate simulations.